การทักทายในภาษาโปรตุเกส

โดย พิทยะ ศรีวัฒนสาร
(ขอขอบคุณข้อมูลจาก http://www.easyportuguese.com/ เป็นอย่างยิ่ง - Muito obrigado!)

Oi! - โออี ! - ไงล่ะ ! - Hi!

Olá! -โอล๊ะ ! เฮลโล ! Hello!

Meu nome é João. -มิวหนอม แอ ยุอาว(จูเอิว) -ฉันชื่อจูอาว- My name is João.

Tudo bem?-ตุ๊ดู ไบญ์?-สบายดีหรือ? How are you?

Prazer em conhecê-lo! ปราซีร์ ไร๊ กงแญซึ-ลุ! (พูดโดยผู้ชาย)- ดีใจที่ได้พบคุณ -Nice to meet you!
Prazer em conhecê-la! ปราซีร์ ไร๊ กงแญซึ-ลา! (พูดโดยผู้หญิง)
(meeting a male / meeting a female)

Bom dia! -บงเดีย! - สวัสดี(ตอนเช้า)! - Good morning!

Boa tarde! - บัว ตาร์ดึ! - สวัสดี(ตอนกลางวัน) -Good afternoon!

Boa noite! - บัว น๊อยท์ชึ! สวัสดี(ตอนเย็น) - Good night! / Good evening!

Tchau! -เชา! -ลาละครับ - Bye!

Até logo! -อาเต๊ ลู๊กุ - แล้วพบกันนะ! - See you soon!

(ร่าง) ผลไม้

apple a maçã
apricot o damasco
avocado o abacate
banana a banana
blackberry a amora
blueberry o mirtilo
cherry a cereja
fig o figo
grapes as uvas
guava a goiaba
kiwi fruit o kiwi
lemon / lime o limão
madarin / tangerine a mexirica / a tangerina
mango a manga
melon/ cantaloupe o melão
orange a laranja
papaya o mamão
passion fruit o maracujá
peach o pêssego
pear a pêra
pineapple o abacaxi
plum a ameixa
raspberry a framboesa
strawberry o morango
watermelon a melancia

(ร่าง)การบอกเวลาในภาษาโปรตุเกส

Time / Horas
Observe 4 dialogues below:
1) - Por favor, que horas são? (Please, what time is it?)
- São cinco horas / São cinco horas em ponto. (It’s five o’clock / it’s 5:00 am sharp)
2) - Por favor, que horas são ? (Please, what time is it?)
- São cinco e vinte. (It’s five twenty)
3) - Por favor, que horas são? (Please, what time is it?)
- São vinte para as cinco. (It’s four forty / it’s twenty to five)
4) - Por favor, que horas são? (Please, what time is it?)
- São cinco e meia (It’s five thirty)

• The expression “Que horas são?” is used to ask time.
• The expression “em ponto” means “sharp” (dialogue number 1).
• To answer the minutes you must add “e” between the hour and minutes (dialogue number 2).
• To answer the minutes after the first 30 minutes, you can use the minutes to the next hour followed by “para as” and the next hour (dialogue number 3). Thus, between hours and minutes you’ll use or “e” or “para as”.
• The word meia means half (dialogue number 4)

In the Morning
Que hora são? What time is it?
When referring to all hours, são (are) is the adequate conjugation of the verb ser that must be used, except when referring to 1:00 or to the word "meio-dia" or "meia-noite". In these cases “é” (is) is the appropriate verb. Observe the sentences below:
1:00 – É uma hora
2:00 - São duas horas (da manhã)
3:00 - São três horas (da manhã)
4: 00 - São quatro horas (da manhã)
5:00 - São cinco horas (da manhã)
6: 00 – São seis horas (da manhã)
7: 00- São sete horas (da manhã)
8: 00 - São oito horas (da manhã)
9: 00 - São nove horas (da manhã)
10:00 – São dez horas (da manhã)
11:00 – São onze horas (da manhã)
12:00 – É meio-dia.

In the afternoon
1:00pm / 13:00 – É uma hora (da tarde) / São treze horas.
2:00pm /14:00 – São duas horas (da tarde) / São catorze horas.
3:00pm / 15:00 – São três horas (da tarde) / São quinze horas.
4:00pm /16:00 - São quatro horas (da tarde) / São dezesseis horas.
5:00pm / 17:00 - São cinco horas (da tarde) / São dezessete horas.
6:00pm / 18:00 - São seis horas (da tarde) / São dezoito horas.

In the evening
7:00pm / 19:00 – São sete horas (da noite) /São dezenove horas.
8:00pm / 20:00 São oito horas (da noite) / São vinte horas.
9:00pm / 21:00 São nove horas (da noite) / São vinte e uma horas.
10:00pm / 22:00 São dez horas (da noite) / São vinte e duas horas.
11:00pm / 23:00- São onze horas (da noite) / São vinte e três horas.
0:00 - É meia-noite / São vinte e quatro horas.
0:30 – É meia-noite e meia / São vinte e quatro e trinta

Am / PM
In Portuguese, when referring to “am” or “pm”, use the expressions “da manhã”, “da tarde” or “da noite”. Those expressions are used with specific time.
Example:
A reunião começa às 5:00 da tarde. The meeting starts at 5:00 pm

From 01:00 am to 5:00 am (or before sunrise), you can say “da madrugada” instead of saying “da manhã”
The official hour system has twenty four hours. When using this system, it is not necessary to use “da manhã”, “da tarde” or “da noite”.

At - Às
When you want to express that an event occurs at a specific time use the preposition “às” (at).
Example:
A reunião começa às 10:00The meeting starts at ten o’clock.

From – to
When you want to express the time that an event begins and ends use the formula: from (hour) to (hour) = das (horas) às (horas) or the formula das (horas) até as (horas)
Example:
A reunião será das 9:00 às 11:00.The meeting will be from nine to ten.
A reunião será das 9:00 até as 11:00.The meeting will be from nine till ten.
Morning / Afternoon / Evening
When you just want to refer to the period of the day an event occurs, use the following expressions: de manhã (in the morning), à tarde (in the afternoon), à noite (in the evening or at night)
Examples:
· Estudo português de manhã – I study Portuguese in the morning.
·Estudo português à tarde – I study Portuguese in the afternoon.
·Estudo português à noite – I study Portuguese in the evening.
Notes / Notas
5:00 – São cinco horas
5:05 – São cinco e cinco
5:15 – São cinco e quinze
5:20 – São cinco e vinte
5:25 – São cinco e vinte e cinco
5:30 – São cinco e treinta / São cinco e meia
5:40 - São cinco e quarenta / São vinte para as seis
5:45 - São cinco e quarenta e cinco /São quinze para as seis
5:50 – São cinco e cinquenta / São dez para as seis

(ร่าง)อวัยวะของร่างกาย

อวัยวะในร่างกาย
ankle tornozelo
arm braço
back costas
beard barba
belly barriga
bones ossos
brain cérebro
cheek bochecha
chest peito
chin queixo
ear orelha
eyes olhos
face face
feet pés
fingers and toes dedos
foot pé
forehead testa
hair cabelo
hand mão
head cabeça
heart coração
knee joelho
leg perna
lips lábios
mouth boca
muscles músculos
mustache bigode
neck pescoço
nose nariz
skin pele
teeth dentes
thigh coxa
throat garganta
tongue língua
tooth dente

(ร่าง) ภาษาโปรตุเกสว่าด้วยบุคคลในครอบครัว

อังกฤษ โปรตุเกส ไทย
Auntie tia
Boy menino
Boyfriend namorado
Brother irmão
Brother-in-law cunhado
Cousin (female) prima
Cousin (male) primo
Daughter filha
Family família
Father pai
Father (informal) papai
Father-in-law sogro
Friend (female) amiga
Friend (male) amigo
Girl menina
Girlfriend namorada
Granddaughter neta
Grandfather vovô / avô
Grandmother vovó / avó
Grandson neto
Husband marido
Mother mãe
Mother (informal) mamãe
Mother-in-law sogra
Sister irmã
Sister-in-law cunhada
Son filho
Stepdaughter enteada
Stepfather padrastro
Stepmother madrastra
Stepson enteado
Uncle tio
Wife esposa

(ร่าง)การอ่านวันเดือนปีในภาษาโปรตุเกส

Days of the month
In Portuguese the ordinal numbers are not used to express the days of the month. People use the word “primeiro” just for the first day and cardinal numbers (dois, três, quatro, cinco, seis…) for the other days.
Examples:
date: 11/01/2006: Primeiro de novembro de dois mil e seis. (literal translation: First of November of two thousand six)
date: 11/09/2005: Nove de novembro de dois mil e seis. (literal translation: Nine of November of two thousand six)

(ร่าง)เลขลำดับในภาษาโปรตุเกส (Números Ordinais-Ordinal Numbers)

Números Ordinais -Ordinal Numbers
โดย พิทยะ ศรีวัฒนสาร

Ordinal Numbers
Ordinal numbers are used to express the position or order in a sequence. In English the ordinal numbers from 1 to 10 are: first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth. See the equivalents in Portuguese. Note that in Portuguese the ordinal numbers have feminine and masculine forms.

Ordinal Numbers are used to refer to the floors in a building, to place positions in a competition etc.
Examples:
Eu moro no terceiro andar. (I live on the third floor).
In the chart below study the pronunciation of the Ordinal Numbers. Click the arrow to hear the sound of each word.

Number Masculine Feminine
First Primeiro Primeira
Second Segundo Segunda
Third Terceiro Terceira
Fourth Quarto Quarta
Fifth Quinto Quinta
Sixth Sexto Sexta
Seventh Sétimo Sétima
Eighth Oitavo Oitava
Ninth Nono Nona
Tenth Décimo Décima

เสียงพยัญชนะในภาษาโปรตุเกส

โดย พิทยะ ศรีวัฒนสาร

a -อา
b-เบ
c-เซ
d-เด
e-เอ
f-แอฟึ
g-เช(เสียงยาว)
h-อากา
i-อี
j-ฉย๊อดตึ
k-กา
l-แอลิ
m-เอมมิ
n-เอนนิ
o-ออ
p-เป
q-เก
r-แอคริ
s-แอสซึ
t-เต
u-อู
v-ฝเว
w-ดาบริว
x-ชีสซึ
y-อิบซาลง
z-เซ

(ร่าง)เลขจำนวนนับ21-45ในภาษาโปรตุเกส(Cardinal Números de 21 a 45 em Portugues)

เลขจำนวนนับ21-45ในภาษาโปรตุเกส(Cardinal Números de 21 a 45 em Portugues)
21 vinte e um
22 vinte e dois
23 vinte e três
24 vinte e quatro
25 vinte e cinco
26 vinte e seis
27 vinte e sete
28 vinte e oito
29 vinte e nove
30 trinta
31 trinta e um
32 trinta e dois
42 quarenta e dois
45 quarenta e cinco

หลักการนับเลขหน่วย 10, 100 และ 1000
Tens
From 21 to 99 you have to add “e” (which means and) between the tens and the unities.

Example:
Tens / Hundreds / Thousands
10 dez
20 vinte
30 trinta
40 quarenta
50 cinqüenta
60 sessenta
70 setenta
80 oitenta
90 noventa
100 cem
1,000 mil
100,000 cem mil
1,000,000 um milhão

Hundreds
Use the word “cem” for 100 and the word “cento” for number from 101 to 199.
Example:

100. cem
101. cento e um
138. cento e trinta e oito
199. cento e noventa e nove

Hundreds
200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900 have feminine and masculine forms. They must agree in gender and number with the noun. Observe that when they are written in the masculine form they end in “os” and when they are written in the feminine from they end in “as”

Number Masculine Feminine
200 duzentos duzentas
300 trezentos trezentas
400 quatrocentos quatrocentas
500 quinhentos quinhentas
600 seiscentos seiscentas
700 setecentos setecentas
800 oitocentos oitocentas
900 novecentos novecentas

Compare:
200 men: duzentos homens / 200 women: duzentas mulheres
330 cars: trezentos e trinta carros / 330 houses: trezentas e trinta casas.
467 boys: quatrocentos e sessenta e sete meninos / 467 girls: quatrocentas e sessenta e sete meninas.

“e” (and)
Use “e” (which means “and”) to separate hundreds, tens, and unities.
Example:
25. vinte e cinco
125 cento e viente e cinco
34 trinta e quatro
234. duzentos e trinta e quatro
75. setenta e cinco
375 trezentos e setenta e cinco

เลขจำนวนนับ1-20ในภาษาโปรตุเกส(Cardinal Números de 0 a 20 em Portugues)

Cardinal Números de 0 a 20 - การ์ดินาล นูเม๊รู๊ ดึ เซ๊รู๊ อา วี๊นตึ(เลขจำนวนนับจาก0ถึง20)
โดย พิทยะ ศรีวัฒนสาร

(ขอขอบคุณข้อมูลจาก http://www.easyportuguese.com/ เป็นอย่างยิ่ง - Muito obrigado!)
0 zero - เซ๊รู๊ = ศูนย์
1 um- อุง / uma-อุ๊งมะ =หนึ่ง
2 dois -ด๊อยซ์= สอง
3 três- แตร๊ซ=สาม
4 quatro-กว๊าตรู๊=สี่
5 cinco-ซี๊งกู๊ = ห้า
6 seis-เซ๊ซ= หก
7 sete-แซ๊ฉึ= เจ็ด
8 oito-อ๊อยตุ๊= แปด
9 nove-น๊อฟวึ= เก้า
10 dez-แดซึ= สิบ
11 onze-อ๊งซึ=สิบเอ็ด
12 doze-ดู๊ซซึ= สิบสอง
13 treze-เตร๊ซซึ=สิบสาม
14 catorze / quatorze=กาต๊อร์ซึ/ กาต๊อร์ซึ-สิบสี่
15 quinze- กิ้งสึ=สิบห้า
16 dezesseisเด๊ซึซเซ๊ซ=สิบหก
17 dezessete-เด๊ซึซแซ๊ฉึ=สิบเจ็ด
18 dezoito-ดึซ๊อยตุ๊=สิบแปด
19 dezenove-แดซึน๊อฟวึ=สิบเก้า
20 vinte-วี๊นตึ=ยี่สิบ

Um- อุง (เพศชาย) / Uma -อุ๊งมะ (เพศหญิง)
um carro –อุงก๊าร์รุ๊- รถยนต์ 1 คัน - one car / a car
um homem –อุ๊ง อูเม็ง -ผู้ชายหนึ่งคน - one man / a man
uma casa –อุ๊งมะ ก๊าซะ- บ้านหนึ่งหลัง-one house / a house
uma mulher – อุ๊งมะ มูลแญร์-ผู้หญิงหนึ่งคน- one woman / a woman

Dois- ด๊อยซ์- สอง(เพศหญิง) / Duas ด๊วซ (เพศชาย)
dois carros – ด๊อยซ์ ก๊าร์รุ-รถยนต์ 2 คัน -two cars
dois homens –ด๊อยซ์ อู๊เม๊ง - ผู้ชาย2 คน- two men
duas casas – ด๊วซ ก๊าซ๊ะ- บ้าน 2 หลัง-two houses
-duas mulheres –ด๊วซ มูลแญรึส- ผู้หญิง 2 คน-two women

การตั้งคำถาม “ใคร อะไร ที่ไหน เมื่อไร ทำไม อย่างไร” ในภาษาโปรตุเกส

โดย พิทยะ ศรีวัฒนสาร
Bidya Sriwattanasarn
(ขอขอบคุณข้อมูลจาก http://www.easyportuguese.com/ เป็นอย่างยิ่ง - Muito obrigado!)

Quem? กิง ? ใคร ? Who?
Quem é você? กิง แอ โว๊เซ๊? คุณเป็นใคร Who are you?
Quem são vocês? กิง เซา โว๊เซ๊? พวกคุณเป็นใคร Who are you?
(In this case the verb ser – to be - must agree with the person vocês. )
Quem é ela? กิง แอลละ? เธอเป็นใคร? Who is she?

What? O que?
O que é isso? อู๊ กึ แอ อีชชุ๊ ? นี่คืออะไร? What is this?
O que você faz? อู๊ กึ โว๊เซ๊ ฟาซึ? คุณทำอะไร? What do you do?

Onde? (อ๊งดึ) ที่ไหน? Where?
De onde você é? ดึ อ๊งดึ โวเซ๊ แอ? คุณมาจากที่ไหน? Where are you from?
Onde está a cadeira? อ๊งดึ อี๊ชต๊า กะได๊ระ? เก้าอี้อยู่ที่ไหน? Where is the chair?
(คำนำหน้านาม-article - a ต้องสอดคล้องกับเพศและพจน์ของคำ ในที่นี้ cadeira เป็นเพศหญิงจึงต้องใช้ a )

Onde estão os carros? อ๊งดึ อีชเตา อูช การ์รูช? รถยนต์อยู่ที่ไหน? Where are the cars?
(carros เป็นคำพหูพจน์ เพศชาย จึงต้องใช้ article “os” )
Onde você mora? อ๊งดึ โวเซ๊ มู๋ระ? คุณอาศัยอยู่ที่ไหน ? Where do you live?
Onde vocês moram? อ๊งดึ โวเซ๊ มู๋เร๊า? พวกคุณอยู่ที่ไหน? Where do you live?

Quando? กวานดู๊ ？ เมื่อไหร่? When?
Quando você vai viajar? กวานดู๊ โวเซ๊ ไว๊ วิอ๊ายาร์ ? คุณจะไปเที่ยวเมื่อไหร่? When are you going to travel?
Quando você joga futebol? กวานดู๊ โว๊เซ ยู๊ก๊ะ ฟุตตึบอลลึ? คุณเล่นฟุตบอลตอนไหน ? When do you play soccer?

Por que? porque...... ป๊อ กึ......... ปอกึ / ทำไม ? เพราะ......... Why? because ....

- Carlos - Por que você está em casa? การ์ลูช - ป๊อ กึ โวเซ๊ อีชต๊า ไอ ก๊าซะ? การ์ลูช- ทำไมคุณถึงอยู่ที่บ้านล่ะ?

Why are you at home?

Célia - Porque estou doente! ปอกึ อิชโต ดุเอนตึ. เพราะว่าฉันไม่สบาย Because I’m sick.
(หมายเหตุ ในประโยคคำถาม ให้เขียนคำว่า por que" แยกกัน แต่ในประโยคบอกเล่าให้เขียนติดกัน Note that in question the word “por que” comes separated and in the answer “porque” comes together.)

Quanto? /Quantos/ Quantas กวานดุ๊? กวานดุช? กวานตาช? เท่าไหร่ (How many/How much?)

Quanto custa isso? or Quanto isso custa? กวานตู๊ กุชต๊า อีชซู? หรือ กว๊านตู๊ อิ๊ชซู กุชตา? ของสิ่งนี้ราคาเท่าไหร่ How much is this? (ใช้ในการถามราคาสิ่งของ ให้ใช้ประโยค "Quanto custas- กว๊านตุ๊ กุชตาช" When asking about the price of something the sentence “Quanto custa” must be used )

Quanto custa esta camisa? กว๊านตุ๊ กุชต๊า อี๊ชตา กามิ๊ซะ? เสื้อเชิ้ตตัวนี้ราคาเท่าไร? How much does this shirt cost?
Quantos livros você tem? ก๊วานตุ๊ ลี๊ฟรุช์ โว๊เซ๊ ไตม์ ? คุณมีหนังสือกี่เล่ม ? How many books do you have?

(เมื่อถามถึงจำนวนหนังสือหรือปริมาณของ ต้องใช้พจน์ของคำถามให้สอดคล้องกับจำนวนสิ่งของด้วย-In this case, when asking about quantity or amount the word “Quantos” must agree with the noun livros . )

Quantas revistas você comprou? กว๊านตุ๊ รึวิชตาช โว๊เซ๊ กงปรู ? คุณซื้อนิตยสารกี่เล่ม ? How many magazines did you buy?

(คำถามกับพจน์ของสิ่งของที่ถามต้องสอดคล้องกันด้วย- In this case, when asking about quantity or amount the word “Quantas” must agree with the noun revistas.)